MCQs on Endocrine System and Gastrointestinal Disorders | Exams Pharmacology | Docsity (2024)

Download MCQs on Endocrine System and Gastrointestinal Disorders and more Exams Pharmacology in PDF only on Docsity! MDC 2 RASMUSSEN FINAL MDC 2 RASMUSSEN FINAL EXAM STUDY GUIDE CONTAINING 74 QUESTIONS WITH CERTIFIED SOLUTIONS UPDATED 2024-2025. A nurse is teaching a patient with diabetes mellitus who asks, <why is it necessary to maintain my blood glucose levels no lower than about 60 mg/dL (3.3 mmol/L)? = How would the nurse respond? A. Glucose is the only fuel used by the body to produce the energy that it needs. MDC 2 RASMUSSEN FINAL B. Your brain needs a constant supply of glucose because it cannot store it. C. Without a minimum level of glucose, your body does not make red blood cells. D. Glucose in the blood prevents the formation of lactic acid and prevents acidosis. - Correct Answer: B. Which of the following surgical procedures is appropriate for a patient with chronic pancreatitis? A. Radical pancreatectomy B. Sphincterotomy C. Fistulotomy D. Proctocolectomy - Correct Answer: A. The nurse identifies which lab result is consistent with a client’s diagnosis of hyperthyroidism? a. Decreased T3 and T4 levels b. Elevated serum thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) level c. Decreased radioactive iodine uptake d. Increased serum T3 and T4 levels - Correct Answer: D. A nurse is caring for a patient recently diagnosed with diabetes insipidus. Which of the following medications would be appropriate for this disorder? a. Furosemide b. Diltiazem c. Vasopressin d. Growth Hormone antagonist - Correct Answer: C. MDC 2 RASMUSSEN FINAL James is a 56-year-old male who was recently diagnosed with Type 2 diabetes. Which of the following diagnostic tests would correlate with this diagnosis? (select all that apply). a. Increased Hemoglobin A1C level b. Increased random blood glucose c. Increased fasting blood glucose d. Increased hemoglobin level - Correct Answer: a,b,c Which of the following is hallmark assessment finding in a client with hyperthyroidism? a. Weight gain b. Increased libido c. Hearth intolerance d. Diarrhea - Correct Answer: c. A nurse cares for your patient with adrenal hyperfunction. The patient screams at her husband, burst into tears, and throws her water pitcher against the wall. She then tells the nurse, "I feel like I'm going crazy." How would the nurse respond? a. I will ask your doctor to order a psychiatric consult for you. b. You feel this way because of your hormone levels. c. Can I bring you information about support groups. d. I will close the door to your room and restrict visitors. - Correct Answer: b. Which statement by a patient with diabetes shows an understanding of the importance of self-care? MDC 2 RASMUSSEN FINAL a. I really don't like having to stick myself to check my sugar. b. I plan to measure the sugar in my urine throughout the day. c. I am planning on getting my spouse to exercise with me to spend time in each other's company. d. I can use my regular cough medicine if I get a cold. - Correct Answer: c. Sam, a 44-year-old male, was recently diagnosed with gastric cancer. Sam has a wife and three small children. Sam and his wife are having a difficultly dealing with the recent diagnosis. Which of the following nursing interventions is appropriate for this patient? a. Educate on treatment options b. Consult the die;;an regarding nutritional needs c. Monitor lab values for abnormalities d. Consult social services to provide support to Sam and his family - Correct Answer: d. A patient underwent a colon resection with colostomy placement. which of the following would the surgeon consult post operatively for colostomy management? a. dietitian b. respiratory therapy c. physical therapy d. wound, ostomy and continence nurse - Correct Answer: d. The nurse knows which intervention is needed for a client with pheochromocytoma? MDC 2 RASMUSSEN FINAL a. Assist to chair for blood pressure monitoring b. Education not to drink coffee or smoke c. Education on an exercise schedule to include activities such as running d. Encourage one glass of red wine each night to promote a good rest - Correct Answer: b. You are providing discharge instructions to a patient who was recently diagnosed with hiatal hernia. The patient also has a history of GERD. Which of the following should be included in the patient and family education? a. Remain in an upright position one to two hours after eating b. Take antacids prior to eating c. Drink a carbonated beverage prior to meals d. Sleep with the head of the bed flat - Correct Answer: a. A nurse is caring for a 29-year-old male patient with a history of alcoholism. He has been having frequent episodes of vomiting of bright red blood. what would be appropriate for this patient except: a. Make the patient NPO b. Transfusion of blood products c. Perform gastric lavage d. Encourage liquid intake - Correct Answer: d. A nurse is providing patient and family education for a patient diagnosed with irritable bowel syndrome. Which of the following is important to include in the education? (select all that apply) MDC 2 RASMUSSEN FINAL A client with diabetes has a blood glucose of 640 mg/dL and reports always being thirsty and having to void. The nurse knows that which terms describe this subjective finding? a. Polydipsia and polyphagia b. Polydipsia and polyuria c. Polyzoaria and polyuria d. Polyphagia and polythelia - Correct Answer: b. The nurse is caring for a hypoglycemic diabetic client with a blood glucose of 56 mg/dL. The client is awake but not alert. What action would the nurse take? a. Give a glass of orange juice with three sugar packets mixed in and monitor the client b. Give a glass of milk and monitor the client c. Give a complex carbohydrate and monitor the client d. Administer D50 IV push per orders and monitor the client - Correct Answer: d. Gwen is an 89-year-old female who was diagnosed with gastric cancer three months ago. Gwen has undergone chemotherapy and radiation Ann recently had surgery to remove the cancer. During the surgical procedure, the surgeon discovered that the cancer had spread to other organs. Gwen's family is having difficulty deciding treatment options. which of the following interventions are appropriate for Gwen's care? a. Schedule Patient for additional chemotherapy b. Schedule patient for additional radiation therapy c. Consult the palliative care nurse MDC 2 RASMUSSEN FINAL d. Discharge patient to Hospice - Correct Answer: c. The nurse explains to a diabetic client that which lab test is the best indicator of the clients average blood glucose level over the past three months? a. Oral glucose tolerance test b. Random blood glucose test c. Glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) d. Preprandial blood glucose test - Correct Answer: c. A nurse is caring for a pa;ent who presented to the emergency room s/p motor vehicle accident. The patient is unconscious with a cervical collar in place. The patient has been diagnosed with syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion. Which of the following lab values validate the diagnosis? a. Decrease serum sodium b. Increase serum sodium c. Decreased urine osmolality d. Decreased glomerular filtration rate - Correct Answer: a. A 40-year-old female presents to the emergency room with upper abdominal pain radiating to her right shoulder and nausea. Upon assessment the patient's temperature is 101.2 degrees Fahrenheit, heart rate 110 BPM and a blood pressure is 140/82 MM HG. Based on the patients presentation, which of the following do you anticipate being the patients diagnosis? a. Pancreatitis b. Cholecystitis MDC 2 RASMUSSEN FINAL c. Appendicitis d. Diverticular disease - Correct Answer: b. The laboratory values of a client who has diabetes mellitus include a fasting blood glucose level of 89mg/dL and hemoglobin A1C of 6%. What is the nurse9s interpretation of these findings? a. The client's glucose control for the past 24 hours has been good, but the overall control is poor. b. The client's glucose control for the past 24 hours has been poor, but the overall control is good. c. The values indicate the client has poorly managed his or her disease. d. The values indicate that the client has managed his or her disease well - Correct Answer: b. Which of these laboratory results would be most important for a nurse to monitor for a client with a lower gastrointestinal bleed? a. Hemoglobin and hematocrit b. Bleeding time c. Platelet count d. Potassium level - Correct Answer: a. A nurse is caring for a patient who was prescribed high dose corticosteroid therapy for one month to treat severe inflammatory condition. the patient symptoms have now resolved, and the patient asks when can I stop taking these medications how would the nurse respond? MDC 2 RASMUSSEN FINAL A nurse is caring for a 26-year-old female that presented to the emergency Department with abdominal pain, bloating, Constipation and bouts of diarrhea. Which of the following is the patient most likely exhibiting? a. Intestinal obstruction b. Hernia c. Malabsorption Syndrome d. Irritable bowel syndrome - Correct Answer: d. Which of the following is a life-threatening emergency and serious complication of untreated or poorly treated hypothyroidism? a. Endemic goiter b. Thyroiditis c. Myxedema coma d. Multinodular toxic goiter - Correct Answer: c. Kim is a 28-year-old female who presented to the emergency room with complaints of abdominal pain, nausea, and vomiting for the past 24 hours. Kim is afebrile, heart rate is 130 BPM, and blood pressure is 90/60 MM HG. During the pain assessment, Kim rates her pain on a scale 0-10. You note her pain to be in the periumbilical region. Based on the assessment findings, which of the following would you anticipate being Kim's diagnosis. a. Peritonitis b. Appendacitis c. Crohn's disease d. Ulcerative colitis - Correct Answer: b. MDC 2 RASMUSSEN FINAL A nurse assesses a patient who has a 15-year history of diabetes and notes decreased tactile sensation in both feet. What action would the nurse take first? a. Document the finding in the patients chart b. Compare extremities for deficiencies c. Examine the patient's feet for signs of injury d. Notify the health care provider - Correct Answer: c. Which of the following is a main assessment finding in a client with hypothyroidism? a. irritability b. cold intolerance c. Constipation d. fatigue - Correct Answer: b. What Instructions does the nurse include in when teaching the diabetic client about proper foot care? a. use rubbing alcohol to help make the skin on the soles of the feet thicker b. wear open toed shoes or sandals when it's warm outside to prevent perspiration c. use moisturizing cream on feet after bathing but not in between toes d. use cold water for bathing the feet to prevent a thermal injury - Correct Answer: c. MDC 2 RASMUSSEN FINAL A nurse is caring for a patient who has been diagnosed with diabetes type 2. Which of the following should not be included in the discharge instructions? a. Monitor blood glucose b. Adhere to dietary modifications c. Increase physical activity d. Restrict fluid intake - Correct Answer: d. A nurse teaches a patient who was diagnosed with diabetes mellitus. Which statement would the nurse include in this patient's plan of care to delay the onset of microvascular and macrovascular complications? a. maintain tight glycemic control and prevent hyperglycemia b. restrict your fluid intake to no more than two liters a day c. prevent hypoglycemia by eating a bedtime snack d. limit your intake of protein to prevent ketoacidosis - Correct Answer: a. You are the nurse providing care for a patient who underwent thyroidectomy two days ago. To Prevent complications with this surgery, which laboratory value requires close monitoring by a nurse? a. Calcium level b. Sodium level c. Potassium level d. Lactate level - Correct Answer: a. Maria is a 45-year-old Hispanic female who presented to the emergency Department with epigastric pain she states that the pain is worse after eating MDC 2 RASMUSSEN FINAL a. A few days b. 2 weeks c. 1 month d. 3 days - Correct Answer: b A nurse is caring for a patient who was status post and upper endoscopic procedure. Which of the following should be included in the post procedure assessment? a. Fecal occult test b. Gag reflex c. Temperature d. Bowel sounds - Correct Answer: b. An older adult client reports lack of energy and needing several naps throughout the day. Which problem may these symptoms be associated with that is often seen in older adults? a. Hypothyroidism b. Hyperparathyroidism c. Overproduction of cortisol d. Underproduction of glucagon - Correct Answer: a. A nurse is caring for a patient recently diagnosed with colorectal cancer which of the following lab values would confirm this diagnosis? a. Increase serum creatinine b. decrease albumen MDC 2 RASMUSSEN FINAL c. increase carcinoembryonic antigens (CEA) d. decreased white blood count - Correct Answer: c. A nurse is caring for a 60-year-old female that underwent a hysterectomy and is post op day 2. She has no active bowel sounds and has not passed any gas. CT scan completed shows no volvulus or intussusception found. Which of the following the suspect the patient is experiencing? a. Perforated colon b. Mechanical bowel obstruction c. Normal findings given surgical procedure d. Non-mechanical bowel obstruction - Correct Answer: d. A nurse cares for a patient with chronic hypercortisolism. What action would the nurse take to prevent infection? a. Wash hands when entering the room b. Keep the patient in airborne isolation c. Observe the patient for signs of weight gain d. Access the patients daily chest X Ray - Correct Answer: a. Ellen is a 65-year-old female who presented to the emergency Department with epigastric discomfort, loss of appetite, and weight loss. she has a history of diabetes and alcoholism. Based on Ellen symptoms and history which of the following does she likely have. a. peptic ulcer disease b. gastrointestinal bleed MDC 2 RASMUSSEN FINAL c. gastric cancer d. candidiasis - Correct Answer: c. A nurse is caring for a 56-year-old female who presented to the emergency Department with feeling of fullness in the chest dysphagia and chest pain. She states that she has been having these symptoms for the past couple of months. Which of the following conditions could she be exhibiting based on her symptoms? a. peptic ulcer disease b. gastritis c. hiatal hernia d. gastroesophageal reflx disease - Correct Answer: c. A nurse is caring for a patient who recently underwent a colon resection. The patient has an Ng tube to low intermittent suction, upon assessment the patient is complaining of increasing abdominal pain. Which nursing intervention will the nurse perform first? a. Vital Signs b. Perform a pain assessment c. Auscultate bowel sounds d. Assess patency of the Ng tube - Correct Answer: d. A nurse is caring for a patient diagnosed with a bleeding gastric ulcer. Based on his diagnosis, you would anticipate the patient stool to have which of the following assessments?